When tackling law exam questions, it is important to tackle it in an organized fashion. The IRAC method is a four-step framework that can be used to answer case study / fact pattern exam questions. Following the IRAC method and engaging in legal analysis provides you with a complete answer.
IRAC is the acronym for: Issue; Rule; Analysis; and Conclusion.
Step 1: Issue
- Read the case study.
- Consider what the legal Issue is that when answered, will determine the outcome of the case.
- Set out the legal Issue(s).
- The legal Issue can be set out in the form of a question. E.g. Does Director ABC owe a fiduciary duty to company XYZ?
Multiple Issues
- If there are multiple Issues, you can number the Issues and deal with them separately using the IRAC method for each identified Issue.
Step 2: Rule
- Discuss the principle(s) of law applicable to the legal Issue(s).
- Here you get to cite and explain the law (including case law and statutes) and/or whatever test that applies.
- If there are multiple elements or factors, discuss each element or factor.
Step 3: Analysis
- This is typically the longest part of your response.
- In this section, you discuss how and why the Rule applies to this case. For instance, you can start by citing the legal definition (as shown in case law etc.) of a director and why ABC is a director.
- Apply the Rule identified above to the facts of the case and reach a conclusion. Take the time to explain how you reached your conclusion.
- When analyzing a case, consider both the strengths and weaknesses of your position. Addressing the weaknesses in your case can improve your grades.
- If the analysis can go either way, address the argument that can be made on both sides and take a stand.
Step 4: Conclusion
- This is where you state the conclusion of your analysis and the answer to the legal Issues identified in step 1.
Additional Tips
- Use subheadings to organize your answers.
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